Originally posted by VSS
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The soil wouldn't necessarily be an effective near-surface shield from radiation though, as the gamma rays in the initial blast would penetrate into the soil (many factors are involved in how the depth/dose curve would appear). More importantly though is the fallout. That is, any radioactive material that is not consumed in the nuclear blast is scattered over a wide are. This falls to the ground (for example, in rain) and is incorporated into soil, rivers etc. How much radiation is scattered this way depends on the type, efficiency and the elemental isotopes (and their mass) of the bombs.
Again, we don't know the conditions the bones were exposed to, but it is reasonable to assume that they were kept cold, possibly even frozen. This is because nuclear holocaust could have triggered a mini ice age as the dust from explosions blocks out the sun and increases planetary albedo. And the cast are all seen wearing jackets.
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