I was watching the 6th season episode 'Frozen' again recently, and I started paying closer attention to the estimated dates given in the show. According to the show, Ayiana (the frozen Ancient) was at least 3 Million years old, and since we know from the Pilot episode of SG: Atlantis that she was present when the city left Antartica, this also places the estimated time of departure of Atlantis from Earth around the same time.
Another date stated in the episode, is that the Antartic Stargate (being estimated as one of the oldest stargates in the network) was around 50 Million years old. If Earth was indeed the first world the Ancients colonized upon arrival in our galaxy after the schism between them and the Ori, then that date may also be when the Ancients arrived in our galaxy.
(Edit: I've decided to add some new stuff based on others' timelines. I want to give due credit to YodaMate and Noneareleft. I used both of their timelines as a reference in this edit.)
c. 65 Million years BC
- Estimated time of the extinction of the dinosaurs and the rise of mammals.
c. 55 to 50 Million years BC
- At some point during this time a schism occured in the 'alien' culture that eventually became known as the Ori and Alteran civilizations. The Alterans were the proginitor race that was responsible for the evolution of humankind on Earth. It is known that the schism had something to do with control over the future of their race. The Ori believed that everyone should seek ascension, even against their will. The Alterans believed that people should be allowed to choose their own path. It is unkown if the Alterans left of their own volition, or they were forced out by the Ori. Ultimately, they were unable to gap their differences and the Alterans left their home to begin a new civilization.
c. 50 Million years BC
- Estimated time of arrival of the Ancients to this galaxy, and subsequent colonization of Earth (called Avalon by them) and construction of the first Stargate in Antartica. The Alterans eventually became known as 'the Ancients'. At some point they formed an Alliance with three other races, known as 'The Great Alliance'. It is doubtful that it was for defensive purposes since the Alterans were far ahead of any other race in terms of technology. It was most likely an alliance built on mutual respect, as a testament to their shared values. It is not known why the alliance was dissolved except for the loss of the Ancients. It may be that it was the Ancients that held it together, and with their departure the alliance had little reason to continue.
c. 30 Million years BC
- The world of Proclarus Taonis was abandoned because the planet could no longer sustain life as a result of its aging sun.
- Atlantis was constructed by this time on Earth in modern day Antartica
- ZPM's were in use by this time.
c. 3 Million years BC
- Minimum estimated age of Aiyana (from "Frozen"), and estimated time of the departure of Atlantis from Antartica.
- Estimated time of departure of Atlantis to the Milky Way galaxy.
c. 3 to 1 Million years BC
- The last of the Ancients still in the Milky Way either died off or learned to ascend.
- The failed Time Loop device was constructed and finally abandoned.
- *It is possible the Dakara device was built during this time, but it could have been earlier.
- Atlantis arrived in the Pegasus Galaxy and began to seed human life on various worlds.
c. 1 Million to 100,000 years BC
- Re-seeded life on the worlds effected by the Dakara device began to evolve and develop civilizations. It is doubtful that EVERY world in the Milky Way was effected as that would've killed the Nox, the Furlings, and possibly others. The vast majority of these worlds probably did NOT evolve human-form beings, but did at least alter the worlds ecology to be able to support human life. This may also explain why so many aliens are of humanoid shape.
c. 30,000 years BC
- The Asgard launched a 'Sleeper' ship from their homeworld. However, there was a failure in the ships navigation system and the ship was lost. It drifted for 30,000 years until it was discovered by the Asgard, who used it in hopes of reclaiming some of their genetic history to save their race.
c. 9,000 years BC
- A war broke out on the world of 'Altaire'. About 1,000 survivors used an underground refuge to survive and transfered their conscious minds to android bodies. It is unclear if the humans of Altaire were descended from Earth, or if they were in fact a parallel track of humanity.
c. 8,100 years BC
- The beginning of the war in the Pegasus galaxy between the Lanteans (Alterans) and the Wraith begins.
c. 8,000 years BC
- Time of the return of the Atlanteans to Earth from Atlantis in the Pegasus Galaxy. The Ancients returned to Earth finding nothing but primitive human societies. With no hope of rebuilding their civilization, many lived in solitude and meditation until they ascended. Some made their way to the Stargate in Antartica to leave Earth. Others went to live among the primitive humans to help them in their development. This is undoubtedly how many humans ended up with the Ancient gene.
- This is the estimated time of arrival of Ra on Earth. Ra and the other Goa'uld found several primitive civilizations and took over the identities of their gods. This caused the down fall of several of those civilizations including the ancient S. American Olmecs. The Goa'uld began seeding worlds all over the galaxy with humans through the Stargate.
- The Jaffa are created by means of genetically altering strong human specimens to serve as the Goa'uld's personal armies and incubators for the larval form of their young.
*On a side note, it is worth mentioning that in very real legends from among the ancient peoples from all over the Earth, are mentioned good 'gods' who came to various peoples teaching them the skills of civilization, such as farming, husbandry, architecture, roads, etc. "The builders of Roads"...
c. 3,340 years BC
- The alien Omoroca comes to Earth in an attempt to defeat the Goa'uld. Although she manages to resist them for a time, she is ultimately killed by the goa'uld Ba'al (then called Belus).
c. 3,000 years BC
- An alternate SG-1 team steals a ZPM from Ra. The ZPM is buried in a place they know it will be found, near when they left their own time.
- The first uprising against the Goa'uld ends in failure, with most of the alternate SG-1 team being killed except Dr. Jackson.
- The Sodan, a rebel Jaffa faction, turn against the Goa'uld, but fail to inspire a larger uprising.
c. 2,995 years BC
- The second uprising attempt against the Goa'uld is successful. This attempt was led by a second alternate team of SG-1, minus Dr. Jackson who was killed. They then continue to live their lives out, presumeably on Earth.
- The Stargate is buried, until its discovery 5,000 years later.
- The Goa'uld Seth remains behind on Earth hiding from the System Lords, until he was killed by SG-1.
*It should be noted here, that although Ra left Earth, the Goa'uld continued to visit Earth from time to time. However, they never again used Earth as a major stronghold and even when they did come to Earth, they didn't stay for long. Eventually they abandoned Earth entirely, not bothering to visit for nearly a millenium.
c. 360 years BC
- Plato writes about Atlantis, which he learned from the Egyptians.
c. 1 year AD
- The Goa'uld Queen Egeria, rebels against the System Lords and establishes the Tok'Ra.
- Estimated time that Hathor was imprisoned in a sarcophagus within a Mayan temple.
c. 500 AD
- The ascended Ancient, Moros (former leader of Atlantis), returns to his original human form keeping as much knowledge and power from his time as an ascended being as he could. He then takes the name of Merlin, and recruits a cadre of followers to help him in his attempt to build a weapon capable of destroying ascended beings. He realized that the Ori would someday become a major threat to all life in the galaxy including the ascended ancients.
- Merlin takes some humans from Earth to several other worlds establishing new colonies to continue helping him in his work. The people of the world in 'Demons' may have been one of those colonies.
- The leader of Merlin's followers, Arthur (son of the Roman Emperor Constantine), hides a treasure under Glastonbury. This included an Ancient History Book, and an Ancient communication device later responsible for tipping the Ori to human life in the Milky Way.
c. 400 to 1,000 AD
- The Asgard Thor creates several human colonies, by taking people from Earth. He establishes a few dozen worlds giving them a protective device known as 'Thor's Hammer' to keep the Goa'uld from invading.
- The Asgard establish the 'Protected Planets Treaty' with the Goa'uld. Later, the Asgard convinced the Goa'uld to allow Earth to be included.
1928 AD
- Time of discovery of the Stargate in Giza by Dr. Langford.
c. 1930 AD
- During the height of Nazi power, a german archaeological team discovers a working DHD. Uncertain of what they found, they shipped it secretly to Germany.
c. 1945 AD
- Time of accidental activation of the stargate by the team doing experiments on the gate, led by Drs. Langford and Littlefield. It was Dr. Littlefield that first theorized that the stargate was in fact a transportation device of some sort. His departure through the stargate and presumed death led to the shutdown of the program.
- The Russian military found the DHD in Germany near the end of World War II, and secretly took it back to the Soviet Union.
1947 AD
- An Asgard spacecraft crashes in Roswell, New Mexico. The military covers up the incident out of fear, because as yet first contact with the Asgard had not been made.
- The Asgard Loki, was known to be abducting human beings in an attempt to discover if human DNA could be used to correct Asgard sterility. This continued to happen for nearly five decades (possibly longer), until he was discovered by the Asgard High Council, and stopped. As a result he lost his position in the Asgard government. It is possible that the crash in Roswell was related to Loki's experiments.
1971 AD
- Nicholas Ballard was exploring a Mayan temple in Belize, and discovered a crystal skull that transported him to an alien world. He is returned soon after, and barely escapes the destruction of the temple with the skull. Although his discovery of the skull is highly acclaimed, he is ridiculed for his story going with it. As a result he eventually spends years in a pyschiatric hospital under his own volition, until he returns to the alien world with SG-1, and his grandson Dr. Jackson.
1995-96 AD
- The Stargate was reopened upon the successful deciphering of the coverstones by Dr. Jackson, under the team led by Dr. Katherine Langford (Daughter of archaeologist Dr. Langford). The first mission through the Stargate to Abydos was then led by Col. Jack O'Neill. Dr. Jackson stayed behind on Abydos, and lived among the primitive Abydonian people for over a year, with his native wife Sha're.
1997 AD
- As a result of an incursion through the stargate by the Goa'uld Apophis, another team led by Col. O'Neill is sent back to Abydos. There they find that Dr. Jackson has discovered a starmap of Stargate addresses, enabling routine missions through the stargate to worlds throughout the galaxy.
***The rest of the list would essentially be season by season overview, starting with the 1st season between 1997-98, and onward to present. I think it is an interesting start anyways. It certainly gives you a sense of the scope of history covered in the Stargate universe.
Another date stated in the episode, is that the Antartic Stargate (being estimated as one of the oldest stargates in the network) was around 50 Million years old. If Earth was indeed the first world the Ancients colonized upon arrival in our galaxy after the schism between them and the Ori, then that date may also be when the Ancients arrived in our galaxy.
(Edit: I've decided to add some new stuff based on others' timelines. I want to give due credit to YodaMate and Noneareleft. I used both of their timelines as a reference in this edit.)
c. 65 Million years BC
- Estimated time of the extinction of the dinosaurs and the rise of mammals.
c. 55 to 50 Million years BC
- At some point during this time a schism occured in the 'alien' culture that eventually became known as the Ori and Alteran civilizations. The Alterans were the proginitor race that was responsible for the evolution of humankind on Earth. It is known that the schism had something to do with control over the future of their race. The Ori believed that everyone should seek ascension, even against their will. The Alterans believed that people should be allowed to choose their own path. It is unkown if the Alterans left of their own volition, or they were forced out by the Ori. Ultimately, they were unable to gap their differences and the Alterans left their home to begin a new civilization.
c. 50 Million years BC
- Estimated time of arrival of the Ancients to this galaxy, and subsequent colonization of Earth (called Avalon by them) and construction of the first Stargate in Antartica. The Alterans eventually became known as 'the Ancients'. At some point they formed an Alliance with three other races, known as 'The Great Alliance'. It is doubtful that it was for defensive purposes since the Alterans were far ahead of any other race in terms of technology. It was most likely an alliance built on mutual respect, as a testament to their shared values. It is not known why the alliance was dissolved except for the loss of the Ancients. It may be that it was the Ancients that held it together, and with their departure the alliance had little reason to continue.
c. 30 Million years BC
- The world of Proclarus Taonis was abandoned because the planet could no longer sustain life as a result of its aging sun.
- Atlantis was constructed by this time on Earth in modern day Antartica
- ZPM's were in use by this time.
c. 3 Million years BC
- Minimum estimated age of Aiyana (from "Frozen"), and estimated time of the departure of Atlantis from Antartica.
- Estimated time of departure of Atlantis to the Milky Way galaxy.
c. 3 to 1 Million years BC
- The last of the Ancients still in the Milky Way either died off or learned to ascend.
- The failed Time Loop device was constructed and finally abandoned.
- *It is possible the Dakara device was built during this time, but it could have been earlier.
- Atlantis arrived in the Pegasus Galaxy and began to seed human life on various worlds.
c. 1 Million to 100,000 years BC
- Re-seeded life on the worlds effected by the Dakara device began to evolve and develop civilizations. It is doubtful that EVERY world in the Milky Way was effected as that would've killed the Nox, the Furlings, and possibly others. The vast majority of these worlds probably did NOT evolve human-form beings, but did at least alter the worlds ecology to be able to support human life. This may also explain why so many aliens are of humanoid shape.
c. 30,000 years BC
- The Asgard launched a 'Sleeper' ship from their homeworld. However, there was a failure in the ships navigation system and the ship was lost. It drifted for 30,000 years until it was discovered by the Asgard, who used it in hopes of reclaiming some of their genetic history to save their race.
c. 9,000 years BC
- A war broke out on the world of 'Altaire'. About 1,000 survivors used an underground refuge to survive and transfered their conscious minds to android bodies. It is unclear if the humans of Altaire were descended from Earth, or if they were in fact a parallel track of humanity.
c. 8,100 years BC
- The beginning of the war in the Pegasus galaxy between the Lanteans (Alterans) and the Wraith begins.
c. 8,000 years BC
- Time of the return of the Atlanteans to Earth from Atlantis in the Pegasus Galaxy. The Ancients returned to Earth finding nothing but primitive human societies. With no hope of rebuilding their civilization, many lived in solitude and meditation until they ascended. Some made their way to the Stargate in Antartica to leave Earth. Others went to live among the primitive humans to help them in their development. This is undoubtedly how many humans ended up with the Ancient gene.
- This is the estimated time of arrival of Ra on Earth. Ra and the other Goa'uld found several primitive civilizations and took over the identities of their gods. This caused the down fall of several of those civilizations including the ancient S. American Olmecs. The Goa'uld began seeding worlds all over the galaxy with humans through the Stargate.
- The Jaffa are created by means of genetically altering strong human specimens to serve as the Goa'uld's personal armies and incubators for the larval form of their young.
*On a side note, it is worth mentioning that in very real legends from among the ancient peoples from all over the Earth, are mentioned good 'gods' who came to various peoples teaching them the skills of civilization, such as farming, husbandry, architecture, roads, etc. "The builders of Roads"...
c. 3,340 years BC
- The alien Omoroca comes to Earth in an attempt to defeat the Goa'uld. Although she manages to resist them for a time, she is ultimately killed by the goa'uld Ba'al (then called Belus).
c. 3,000 years BC
- An alternate SG-1 team steals a ZPM from Ra. The ZPM is buried in a place they know it will be found, near when they left their own time.
- The first uprising against the Goa'uld ends in failure, with most of the alternate SG-1 team being killed except Dr. Jackson.
- The Sodan, a rebel Jaffa faction, turn against the Goa'uld, but fail to inspire a larger uprising.
c. 2,995 years BC
- The second uprising attempt against the Goa'uld is successful. This attempt was led by a second alternate team of SG-1, minus Dr. Jackson who was killed. They then continue to live their lives out, presumeably on Earth.
- The Stargate is buried, until its discovery 5,000 years later.
- The Goa'uld Seth remains behind on Earth hiding from the System Lords, until he was killed by SG-1.
*It should be noted here, that although Ra left Earth, the Goa'uld continued to visit Earth from time to time. However, they never again used Earth as a major stronghold and even when they did come to Earth, they didn't stay for long. Eventually they abandoned Earth entirely, not bothering to visit for nearly a millenium.
c. 360 years BC
- Plato writes about Atlantis, which he learned from the Egyptians.
c. 1 year AD
- The Goa'uld Queen Egeria, rebels against the System Lords and establishes the Tok'Ra.
- Estimated time that Hathor was imprisoned in a sarcophagus within a Mayan temple.
c. 500 AD
- The ascended Ancient, Moros (former leader of Atlantis), returns to his original human form keeping as much knowledge and power from his time as an ascended being as he could. He then takes the name of Merlin, and recruits a cadre of followers to help him in his attempt to build a weapon capable of destroying ascended beings. He realized that the Ori would someday become a major threat to all life in the galaxy including the ascended ancients.
- Merlin takes some humans from Earth to several other worlds establishing new colonies to continue helping him in his work. The people of the world in 'Demons' may have been one of those colonies.
- The leader of Merlin's followers, Arthur (son of the Roman Emperor Constantine), hides a treasure under Glastonbury. This included an Ancient History Book, and an Ancient communication device later responsible for tipping the Ori to human life in the Milky Way.
c. 400 to 1,000 AD
- The Asgard Thor creates several human colonies, by taking people from Earth. He establishes a few dozen worlds giving them a protective device known as 'Thor's Hammer' to keep the Goa'uld from invading.
- The Asgard establish the 'Protected Planets Treaty' with the Goa'uld. Later, the Asgard convinced the Goa'uld to allow Earth to be included.
1928 AD
- Time of discovery of the Stargate in Giza by Dr. Langford.
c. 1930 AD
- During the height of Nazi power, a german archaeological team discovers a working DHD. Uncertain of what they found, they shipped it secretly to Germany.
c. 1945 AD
- Time of accidental activation of the stargate by the team doing experiments on the gate, led by Drs. Langford and Littlefield. It was Dr. Littlefield that first theorized that the stargate was in fact a transportation device of some sort. His departure through the stargate and presumed death led to the shutdown of the program.
- The Russian military found the DHD in Germany near the end of World War II, and secretly took it back to the Soviet Union.
1947 AD
- An Asgard spacecraft crashes in Roswell, New Mexico. The military covers up the incident out of fear, because as yet first contact with the Asgard had not been made.
- The Asgard Loki, was known to be abducting human beings in an attempt to discover if human DNA could be used to correct Asgard sterility. This continued to happen for nearly five decades (possibly longer), until he was discovered by the Asgard High Council, and stopped. As a result he lost his position in the Asgard government. It is possible that the crash in Roswell was related to Loki's experiments.
1971 AD
- Nicholas Ballard was exploring a Mayan temple in Belize, and discovered a crystal skull that transported him to an alien world. He is returned soon after, and barely escapes the destruction of the temple with the skull. Although his discovery of the skull is highly acclaimed, he is ridiculed for his story going with it. As a result he eventually spends years in a pyschiatric hospital under his own volition, until he returns to the alien world with SG-1, and his grandson Dr. Jackson.
1995-96 AD
- The Stargate was reopened upon the successful deciphering of the coverstones by Dr. Jackson, under the team led by Dr. Katherine Langford (Daughter of archaeologist Dr. Langford). The first mission through the Stargate to Abydos was then led by Col. Jack O'Neill. Dr. Jackson stayed behind on Abydos, and lived among the primitive Abydonian people for over a year, with his native wife Sha're.
1997 AD
- As a result of an incursion through the stargate by the Goa'uld Apophis, another team led by Col. O'Neill is sent back to Abydos. There they find that Dr. Jackson has discovered a starmap of Stargate addresses, enabling routine missions through the stargate to worlds throughout the galaxy.
***The rest of the list would essentially be season by season overview, starting with the 1st season between 1997-98, and onward to present. I think it is an interesting start anyways. It certainly gives you a sense of the scope of history covered in the Stargate universe.
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